4Kscore Test as a Predictor of Reclassification in Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance
INTRODUCTION
Active surveillance (AS) in low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients could be improved with new biomarkers such as the 4KscoreTest (4KsT). We analyze its ability to predict tumor reclassification at the confirmatory biopsy (cBx) at 6 months after initial biopsy (iBx).
METHODS
Observational, prospective, blinded, and non-randomized study, within the Spanish National Registry on AS (AEU/PIEM/2014/0001;NCT02865330)with 181 patients included after iBx. Central pathological review confirmed inclusion criteria at iBx and reclassification ones at cBx. Plasma was collected 6 months after iBx just before cBx to determine 4KsT. Family history, prostate volume (PV), body mass index, and positive core ratio were also analyzed. Reclassification was defined as Gleason>7 and/or higher PCa volume). We used logistic regression analysis, calibration plots, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and probability density functions (PDF) to assess discriminatory capacity, and clinical utility curves for decision making.
RESULTS
One hundred thirty-seven patients were finally evaluated. Fifty-one patients (37.2%) were reclassified at cBx. PV, PSA-density, %f/tPSA, previous negative biopsies, and 4KsT were associated with reclassification. The best predictive model was the combination of 4KsT with PV (AUC: 0.773) with better discriminatory ability in PDF. With this combined model, we propose 25% as a cut-off for clinical implementation, avoiding 36% of cBx at the costo of missing 10% of reclasiffication patients, or 14% in a more conservative manner (21% of saved cBx and 4% of missing reclassified patients).
CONCLUSION
A nomogram combining 4KsT and PV can aid individual decision-making to indicate a cBx in patients in AS management. These results should be exteranlly validated.
Funding: Opko Health Europe S.L.U. support for design of study, logistic of samples, honoraria for patient recruitment, and analysis of data.